Microbiological Tests and Techniques

Camp test


The CAMP reaction is a phenomenon of co-hemolysis which consists of a zone of strong hemolysis which is observed when S. agalactiae, which produces the CAMP factor, is streaked next to Staphylococcus aureus, which secretes sphingomyelinase, on sheep blood agar. ...



Catalase test


To survive, organisms must rely on defense mechanisms that allow them to repair or escape oxidative damage from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some bacteria produce the enzyme "Catalase" which facilitates cellular detoxification....


Coagulase test


The coagulase test differentiates Staphylococcus aureus strains from S. epidermidis and other coagulase negative species. Coagulase is an enzyme-like protein that causes plasma to clot by...



ONPG test


Permease allows lactose to enter the bacterial cell wall, where it is then broken down into glucose and galactose by beta-galactosidase . Glucose and galactose can then be metabolized by bacteria....


Oxydase test


The oxidase test is a test to detect the enzyme cytochrome oxidase in Gram-negative bacteria which produce this enzyme, such as Neisseria or Pseudomonas.Oxidase Discs (OX) are absorbent paper discs impregnated with N, N, N ’, N’-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride. In the presence of cytochrome oxidase, N, N, N ’, N’-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (colorless) forms a compound....



Urease test


Reoch, in 1875, proposed to test the alkaline fermentation of urea and the production of ammonia by bacteria to determine an organism's ability to produce urease, alkalinization causes a purplish-red coloration of the medium in presence of phenol red