Content :
Fibrinogen is a protein that belongs to a group of proteins in the body known as clotting factors, primarily measured to assess the blood's clotting ability and diagnose conditions related to clotting.
◉ What is fibrinogen ?
Fibrinogen is a protein produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in blood clotting. It is converted into fibrin during the clotting process, forming a mesh-like structure that helps to stop bleeding.
The normal value of fibrinogen in blood is typically around 2 to 4 g/L, and it can be measured by the two main methods: fibrinogen antigen test and fibrinogen activity test
The fibrinogen test is primarily used to assess the functioning of the clotting system and to diagnose or monitor conditions related to blood clotting.
If your results show abnormally high or low levels of fibrinogen, your doctor may prescribe additional tests and interpret the overall results in light of your symptoms.
◉ What is the function of Fibrinogen ?
Fibrinogen is a vital protein in the body that plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process. It is produced in the liver and circulates in the blood in an inactive form.
When an injury or damage occurs to blood vessels, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin through a series of enzymatic reactions triggered by clotting factors. Once converted into fibrin, it forms a mesh-like structure that, along with platelets, creates a stable blood clot at the site of injury. This clot helps to prevent excessive bleeding and facilitates wound healing.
Fibrinogen also interacts with other clotting factors to regulate the clotting process and maintain the balance between clotting and clot dissolution.
◉ What is the Fibrinogen test used for?
Fibrinogen test serves several purposes in clinical practice.
- Evaluation of Bleeding Disorders: The fibrinogen test is used to assess the functioning of the clotting system and diagnose bleeding disorders.
- Monitoring of Thrombotic Disorders: The fibrinogen test can be used to monitor individuals with a history of thrombotic disorders and assess their risk of future clotting events.
- Assessment of Liver Function: Fibrinogen is primarily produced by the liver. Therefore, the fibrinogen test can help evaluate liver function and diagnose liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, which may impact fibrinogen levels.
◉ How can I prepare for the test?
To prepare for the fibrinogen test, you don't need to do anything special, unless your doctor tells you otherwise.
◉ Normal levels of Fibrinogen
The normal range of the fibrinogen test depends on the type of test and the method used by the laboratory.
However, a general guideline is that the normal range for fibrinogen levels is between 200 and 400 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 2 and 4 grams per liter (g/L).
◉ High Fibrinogen
1. Causes
Here are some potential causes of high fibrinogen levels:
- Inflammation and Infection: Acute or chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or infections, can lead to increased fibrinogen production as part of the body's immune response.
- Tissue Damage and Trauma: Fibrinogen levels may rise in response to tissue injury, surgery, or trauma.
- Cardiovascular Diseases: Conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, or stroke can result in elevated fibrinogen levels as part of the clotting response.
- Pregnancy: Fibrinogen levels naturally increase during pregnancy, which is considered a physiological response.
- Certain Cancers: Some cancers, such as lung, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer, can be associated with elevated fibrinogen levels.
2. Symptoms
Some of the symptoms of high fibrinogen levels are:
- Chest pain, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeat: These may indicate a blood clot in the heart or lungs.
- Numbness, weakness, or slurred speech: These may indicate a blood clot in the brain.
- Swelling, pain, or redness in the legs: These may indicate a blood clot in the veins of the legs.
- Bleeding or bruising easily: This may indicate a problem with the function of fibrinogen or other clotting factors.
- Headache, high blood pressure, or vision problems: These may indicate a complication of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, which can cause high fibrinogen levels.
◉ Low Fibrinogen
1. Causes
- Liver Disease: Liver conditions such as liver failure, cirrhosis, or hepatitis can impair fibrinogen production, leading to decreased levels.
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): DIC is a serious condition characterized by widespread clotting and bleeding. It can consume fibrinogen, resulting in reduced levels.
- Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency: In rare cases, individuals may have an inherited deficiency of fibrinogen, leading to chronically low levels.
- Severe Bleeding: Profuse bleeding due to trauma, surgery, or other reasons can deplete fibrinogen levels.
2. Symptoms
Some of the symptoms of low fibrinogen levels are:
- Bleeding gums, nose, or mouth.
- Blood in your urine or stool.
- Coughing up blood.
- Excessive bruising
- Frequent or heavy menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding in the joints, muscles, or brain
- Poor wound healing
◉ Additional tests
Some of the related analytical tests to the fibrinogen test are:
- Prothrombin time (PT) test: This test measures how long it takes for your blood to clot by evaluating the function of several clotting factors, including fibrinogen.
- Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test: This test also measures how long it takes for your blood to clot by evaluating the function of different clotting factors, including fibrinogen.
- Thrombin time (TT) test: This test measures how long it takes for fibrinogen to be converted into fibrin by thrombin, the enzyme that activates fibrinogen.
- D-dimer test: This test measures a specific type of fibrin degradation product that is formed when cross-linked fibrin is broken down.
◉ Conclusion
In summary, the fibrinogen test is a valuable tool in assessing fibrinogen levels and can provide important insights into various health conditions related to bleeding disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
By utilizing the fibrinogen test, healthcare professionals can enhance their diagnostic capabilities, personalize treatment plans, and improve patient outcomes.
